知る

しるshiru

know

Godan verb, group 1, ending -ru.

Conjugated like なる, やる, 作る, よる, おる, 入る

  • Godan, not ichidan

    It ends in -iru or -eru, but it is a godan verb: 知ります, 知らない.

  • Not to be confused with 分かる

    知る is to come to know a fact, and 知っています to know it (名前を知っています); 分かる, to understand (日本語が分かります).

Newbie

The polite forms to talk about now, the future, and the past, and the te-form of requests.

  1. Polite present · -masu

    What you do, usually or soon, said politely. Japanese has one form for the present and the future.

    1. affirmative知りますしりますshirimasu
    2. negative知りませんしりませんshirimasen

  2. Polite past · -mashita

    What you did, or did not do, said politely.

    1. affirmative知りましたしりましたshirimashita
    2. negative知りませんでしたしりませんでしたshirimasen deshita

  3. Te-form

    Links actions (and then…), and with ください asks politely.

    1. 知ってしってshitte
    2. request知ってくださいしってくださいshitte kudasai

  4. Let’s · -mashō

    To suggest doing something together: let’s…

    1. 知りましょうしりましょうshirimashō

  5. Wanting to · -tai

    What you want to do. Add です to be polite.

    1. affirmative知りたいしりたいshiritai
    2. negative知りたくないしりたくないshiritakunai
BeginnerThe plain forms of everyday speech, what is going on, what you can do, conditions, and the passive.Plain present · dictionary form · Plain past · -ta · Ongoing · -te iru · Potential · If, when · -tara · PassiveAlso show the Beginner forms (6)

  1. Plain present · dictionary form

    Between friends and family, and before a noun or many phrases. It also says the future.

    1. affirmative知るしるshiru
    2. negative知らないしらないshiranai

  2. Plain past · -ta

    The past between friends and family, and before a noun.

    1. affirmative知ったしったshitta
    2. negative知らなかったしらなかったshiranakatta

  3. Ongoing · -te iru

    What is going on now, a habit, or a state that lasts: 結婚している, to be married.

    1. plain知っているしっているshitte iru
    2. polite知っていますしっていますshitte imasu

  4. Potential

    What you can do. Its object often takes が: 日本語が話せる.

    1. plain知れるしれるshireru
    2. polite知れますしれますshiremasu

  5. If, when · -tara

    If or once something happens, and what you found when it did.

    1. 知ったらしったらshittara

  6. Passive

    What is done to someone, often to their regret: に marks who does it. It is also a respectful way to speak of others.

    1. plain知られるしられるshirareru
    2. polite知られますしられますshiraremasu
IntermediateIntentions, orders, conditions, making someone do something, and the verbs of respect and modesty.Volitional · -ō, -yō · Command · Condition · -ba · Causative · Causative passive · Respect and modestyAlso show the Intermediate forms (6)

  1. Volitional · -ō, -yō

    Let’s, between friends; with と思う, what you intend to do.

    1. 知ろうしろうshirō

  2. Command

    A blunt order or ban (〜な), heard in sports, on signs, and between men. Politely, say 〜てください.

    1. order知れしれshire
    2. ban知るなしるなshiru na

  3. Condition · -ba

    If…: the condition for what follows. In the negative, it also says what you must do: 〜なければならない.

    1. affirmative知ればしればshireba
    2. negative知らなければしらなければshiranakereba

  4. Causative

    Making or letting someone do something: に or を marks who does it.

    1. plain知らせるしらせるshiraseru
    2. polite知らせますしらせますshirasemasu

  5. Causative passive

    Being made to do something you did not want to. In speech, godan verbs often shorten -aserareru to -asareru.

    1. plain知らせられるしらせられるshiraserareru
    2. polite知らせられますしらせられますshiraseraremasu

  6. Respect and modesty

    The verbs that replace this one: respect for what others do, modesty for what you do yourself.

    1. modesty存じますぞんじますzonjimasu