来る

くるkuru

come

Irregular verb, group 3.

Conjugated like 出てくる, 持ってくる

  • Its reading changes

    来る keeps its kanji but changes its reading: こない, きます, くる, こい.

Newbie

The polite forms to talk about now, the future, and the past, and the te-form of requests.

  1. Polite present · -masu

    What you do, usually or soon, said politely. Japanese has one form for the present and the future.

    1. affirmative来ますきますkimasu
    2. negative来ませんきませんkimasen

  2. Polite past · -mashita

    What you did, or did not do, said politely.

    1. affirmative来ましたきましたkimashita
    2. negative来ませんでしたきませんでしたkimasen deshita

  3. Te-form

    Links actions (and then…), and with ください asks politely.

    1. 来てきてkite
    2. request来てくださいきてくださいkite kudasai

  4. Let’s · -mashō

    To suggest doing something together: let’s…

    1. 来ましょうきましょうkimashō

  5. Wanting to · -tai

    What you want to do. Add です to be polite.

    1. affirmative来たいきたいkitai
    2. negative来たくないきたくないkitakunai
BeginnerThe plain forms of everyday speech, what is going on, what you can do, conditions, and the passive.Plain present · dictionary form · Plain past · -ta · Ongoing · -te iru · Potential · If, when · -tara · PassiveAlso show the Beginner forms (6)

  1. Plain present · dictionary form

    Between friends and family, and before a noun or many phrases. It also says the future.

    1. affirmative来るくるkuru
    2. negative来ないこないkonai

  2. Plain past · -ta

    The past between friends and family, and before a noun.

    1. affirmative来たきたkita
    2. negative来なかったこなかったkonakatta

  3. Ongoing · -te iru

    What is going on now, a habit, or a state that lasts: 結婚している, to be married.

    1. plain来ているきているkite iru
    2. polite来ていますきていますkite imasu

  4. Potential

    What you can do. Its object often takes が: 日本語が話せる.

    1. plain来られるこられるkorareru
    2. polite来られますこられますkoraremasu

  5. If, when · -tara

    If or once something happens, and what you found when it did.

    1. 来たらきたらkitara

  6. Passive

    What is done to someone, often to their regret: に marks who does it. It is also a respectful way to speak of others.

    1. plain来られるこられるkorareru
    2. polite来られますこられますkoraremasu
IntermediateIntentions, orders, conditions, making someone do something, and the verbs of respect and modesty.Volitional · -ō, -yō · Command · Condition · -ba · Causative · Causative passive · Respect and modestyAlso show the Intermediate forms (6)

  1. Volitional · -ō, -yō

    Let’s, between friends; with と思う, what you intend to do.

    1. 来ようこようkoyō

  2. Command

    A blunt order or ban (〜な), heard in sports, on signs, and between men. Politely, say 〜てください.

    1. order来いこいkoi
    2. ban来るなくるなkuru na

  3. Condition · -ba

    If…: the condition for what follows. In the negative, it also says what you must do: 〜なければならない.

    1. affirmative来ればくればkureba
    2. negative来なければこなければkonakereba

  4. Causative

    Making or letting someone do something: に or を marks who does it.

    1. plain来させるこさせるkosaseru
    2. polite来させますこさせますkosasemasu

  5. Causative passive

    Being made to do something you did not want to. In speech, godan verbs often shorten -aserareru to -asareru.

    1. plain来させられるこさせられるkosaserareru
    2. polite来させられますこさせられますkosaseraremasu

  6. Respect and modesty

    The verbs that replace this one: respect for what others do, modesty for what you do yourself.

    1. respectいらっしゃいますirasshaimasu
    2. modesty参りますまいりますmairimasu