いる

iru

be

Ichidan verb, group 2.

Conjugated like 見る, 得る, 出る, 考える, 過ぎる, つける

  • Not to be confused with ある

    いる is for living things that move (猫がいる); ある, for things and plants (本がある).

Newbie

The polite forms to talk about now, the future, and the past, and the te-form of requests.

  1. Polite present · -masu

    What you do, usually or soon, said politely. Japanese has one form for the present and the future.

    1. affirmativeいますimasu
    2. negativeいませんimasen

  2. Polite past · -mashita

    What you did, or did not do, said politely.

    1. affirmativeいましたimashita
    2. negativeいませんでしたimasen deshita

  3. Te-form

    Links actions (and then…), and with ください asks politely.

    1. いてite
    2. requestいてくださいite kudasai

  4. Let’s · -mashō

    To suggest doing something together: let’s…

    1. いましょうimashō

  5. Wanting to · -tai

    What you want to do. Add です to be polite.

    1. affirmativeいたいitai
    2. negativeいたくないitakunai
BeginnerThe plain forms of everyday speech, what is going on, what you can do, conditions, and the passive.Plain present · dictionary form · Plain past · -ta · Ongoing · -te iru · Potential · If, when · -tara · PassiveAlso show the Beginner forms (6)

  1. Plain present · dictionary form

    Between friends and family, and before a noun or many phrases. It also says the future.

    1. affirmativeいるiru
    2. negativeいないinai

  2. Plain past · -ta

    The past between friends and family, and before a noun.

    1. affirmativeいたita
    2. negativeいなかったinakatta

  3. Ongoing · -te iru

    What is going on now, a habit, or a state that lasts: 結婚している, to be married.

    1. plainいているite iru
    2. politeいていますite imasu

  4. Potential

    What you can do. Its object often takes が: 日本語が話せる.

    1. plainいられるirareru
    2. politeいられますiraremasu

  5. If, when · -tara

    If or once something happens, and what you found when it did.

    1. いたらitara

  6. Passive

    What is done to someone, often to their regret: に marks who does it. It is also a respectful way to speak of others.

    1. plainいられるirareru
    2. politeいられますiraremasu
IntermediateIntentions, orders, conditions, making someone do something, and the verbs of respect and modesty.Volitional · -ō, -yō · Command · Condition · -ba · Causative · Causative passive · Respect and modestyAlso show the Intermediate forms (6)

  1. Volitional · -ō, -yō

    Let’s, between friends; with と思う, what you intend to do.

    1. いようiyō

  2. Command

    A blunt order or ban (〜な), heard in sports, on signs, and between men. Politely, say 〜てください.

    1. orderいろiro
    2. banいるなiru na

  3. Condition · -ba

    If…: the condition for what follows. In the negative, it also says what you must do: 〜なければならない.

    1. affirmativeいればireba
    2. negativeいなければinakereba

  4. Causative

    Making or letting someone do something: に or を marks who does it.

    1. plainいさせるisaseru
    2. politeいさせますisasemasu

  5. Causative passive

    Being made to do something you did not want to. In speech, godan verbs often shorten -aserareru to -asareru.

    1. plainいさせられるisaserareru
    2. politeいさせられますisaseraremasu

  6. Respect and modesty

    The verbs that replace this one: respect for what others do, modesty for what you do yourself.

    1. respectいらっしゃいますirasshaimasu
    2. modestyおりますorimasu